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Linux command

  • Thursday, October 27, 2011
  • zana991
  • CommandDescription
    apropos whatisShow commands pertinent to string. See also threadsafe
    man -t ascii | ps2pdf - > ascii.pdfmake a pdf of a manual page

    which commandShow full path name of command

    time commandSee how long a command takes
    time catStart stopwatch. Ctrl-d to stop. See also sw
    dir navigation
    cd -Go to previous directory
    cdGo to $HOME directory

    (cd dir && command)Go to dir, execute command and return to current dir
    pushd .Put current dir on stack so you can popd back to it
    alias l='ls -l --color=auto'quick dir listing
    ls -lrtList files by date. See also newest and find_mm_yyyy
    ls /usr/bin | pr -T9 -W$COLUMNSPrint in 9 columns to width of terminal

    find -name '*.[ch]' | xargs grep -E 'expr'Search 'expr' in this dir and below. See also findrepo

    find -type f -print0 | xargs -r0 grep -F 'example'Search all regular files for 'example' in this dir and below

    find -maxdepth 1 -type f | xargs grep -F 'example'Search all regular files for 'example' in this dir

    find -maxdepth 1 -type d | while read dir; do echo $dir; echo cmd2; doneProcess each item with multiple commands (in while loop)
    find -type f ! -perm -444Find files not readable by all (useful for web site)
    find -type d ! -perm -111Find dirs not accessible by all (useful for web site)
    locate -r 'file[^/]*\.txt'Search cached index for names. This re is like glob *file*.txt
    look referenceQuickly search (sorted) dictionary for prefix
    grep --color reference /usr/share/dict/wordsHighlight occurances of regular expression in dictionary
    archives and compression

    gpg -c fileEncrypt file

    gpg file.gpgDecrypt file

    tar -c dir/ | bzip2 > dir.tar.bz2Make compressed archive of dir/

    bzip2 -dc dir.tar.bz2 | tar -xExtract archive (use gzip instead of bzip2 for tar.gz files)

    tar -c dir/ | gzip | gpg -c | ssh user@remote 'dd of=dir.tar.gz.gpg'Make encrypted archive of dir/ on remote machine

    find dir/ -name '*.txt' | tar -c --files-from=- | bzip2 > dir_txt.tar.bz2Make archive of subset of dir/ and below

    find dir/ -name '*.txt' | xargs cp -a --target-directory=dir_txt/ --parentsMake copy of subset of dir/ and below

    ( tar -c /dir/to/copy ) | ( cd /where/to/ && tar -x -p )Copy (with permissions) copy/ dir to /where/to/ dir

    ( cd /dir/to/copy && tar -c . ) | ( cd /where/to/ && tar -x -p )Copy (with permissions) contents of copy/ dir to /where/to/

    ( tar -c /dir/to/copy ) | ssh -C user@remote 'cd /where/to/ && tar -x -p' Copy (with permissions) copy/ dir to remote:/where/to/ dir

    dd bs=1M if=/dev/sda | gzip | ssh user@remote 'dd of=sda.gz'Backup harddisk to remote machine
    rsync (Network efficient file copier: Use the --dry-run option for testing)

    rsync -P rsync://rsync.server.com/path/to/file fileOnly get diffs. Do multiple times for troublesome downloads

    rsync --bwlimit=1000 fromfile tofileLocally copy with rate limit. It's like nice for I/O

    rsync -az -e ssh --delete ~/public_html/ remote.com:'~/public_html'Mirror web site (using compression and encryption)

    rsync -auz -e ssh remote:/dir/ . && rsync -auz -e ssh . remote:/dir/Synchronize current directory with remote one
    ssh (Secure SHell)

    ssh $USER@$HOST commandRun command on $HOST as $USER (default command=shell)
    ssh -f -Y $USER@$HOSTNAME xeyesRun GUI command on $HOSTNAME as $USER

    scp -p -r $USER@$HOST: file dir/Copy with permissions to $USER's home directory on $HOST

    scp -c arcfour $USER@$LANHOST: bigfileUse faster crypto for local LAN. This might saturate GigE

    ssh -g -L 8080:localhost:80 root@$HOSTForward connections to $HOSTNAME:8080 out to $HOST:80

    ssh -R 1434:imap:143 root@$HOSTForward connections from $HOST:1434 in to imap:143

    ssh-copy-id $USER@$HOST Install public key for $USER@$HOST for password-less log in
    wget (multi purpose download tool)
    (cd dir/ && wget -nd -pHEKk http://www.pixelbeat.org/cmdline.html)Store local browsable version of a page to the current dir

    wget -c http://www.example.com/large.fileContinue downloading a partially downloaded file

    wget -r -nd -np -l1 -A '*.jpg' http://www.example.com/dir/Download a set of files to the current directory

    wget ftp://remote/file[1-9].iso/FTP supports globbing directly
    wget -q -O- http://www.pixelbeat.org/timeline.html | grep 'a href' | headProcess output directly

    echo 'wget url' | at 01:00Download url at 1AM to current dir

    wget --limit-rate=20k urlDo a low priority download (limit to 20KB/s in this case)

    wget -nv --spider --force-html -i bookmarks.htmlCheck links in a file

    wget --mirror http://www.example.com/Efficiently update a local copy of a site (handy from cron)
    networking (Note ifconfig, route, mii-tool, nslookup commands are obsolete)

    ethtool eth0Show status of ethernet interface eth0

    ethtool --change eth0 autoneg off speed 100 duplex fullManually set ethernet interface speed

    iwconfig eth1Show status of wireless interface eth1

    iwconfig eth1 rate 1Mb/s fixedManually set wireless interface speed
    iwlist scanList wireless networks in range
    ip link showList network interfaces

    ip link set dev eth0 name wanRename interface eth0 to wan

    ip link set dev eth0 upBring interface eth0 up (or down)
    ip addr showList addresses for interfaces

    ip addr add 1.2.3.4/24 brd + dev eth0Add (or del) ip and mask (255.255.255.0)
    ip route showList routing table

    ip route add default via 1.2.3.254Set default gateway to 1.2.3.254
    host pixelbeat.orgLookup DNS ip address for name or vice versa
    hostname -iLookup local ip address (equivalent to host `hostname`)
    whois pixelbeat.orgLookup whois info for hostname or ip address
    netstat -tuplList internet services on a system
    netstat -tupList active connections to/from system
    windows networking (Note samba is the package that provides all this windows specific networking support)
    smbtreeFind windows machines. See also findsmb

    nmblookup -A 1.2.3.4Find the windows (netbios) name associated with ip address

    smbclient -L windows_boxList shares on windows machine or samba server

    mount -t smbfs -o fmask=666,guest //windows_box/share /mnt/shareMount a windows share

    echo 'message' | smbclient -M windows_boxSend popup to windows machine (off by default in XP sp2)
    text manipulation (Note sed uses stdin and stdout. Newer versions support inplace editing with the -i option)

    sed 's/string1/string2/g'Replace string1 with string2

    sed 's/\(.*\)1/\12/g'Modify anystring1 to anystring2

    sed '/ *#/d; /^ *$/d'Remove comments and blank lines

    sed ':a; /\\$/N; s/\\\n//; ta'Concatenate lines with trailing \

    sed 's/[ \t]*$//'Remove trailing spaces from lines

    sed 's/\([`"$\]\)/\\\1/g'Escape shell metacharacters active within double quotes
    seq 10 | sed "s/^/ /; s/ *\(.\{7,\}\)/\1/"Right align numbers

    sed -n '1000{p;q}'Print 1000th line

    sed -n '10,20p;20q'Print lines 10 to 20

    sed -n 's/.*\(.*\)<\/title>.*/\1/ip;<acronym title="quit after match">T;q</acronym>'</td><td>Extract title from HTML web page</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">sed -i 42d ~/.ssh/known_hosts</td><td>Delete a particular line</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">sort -t. -k1,1n -k2,2n -k3,3n -k4,4n</td><td>Sort IPV4 ip addresses</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">echo 'Test' | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'</td><td>Case conversion</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">tr -dc '[:print:]' < /dev/urandom</td><td>Filter non printable characters</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">tr -s '[:blank:]' '\t' </proc/diskstats | cut -f4</td><td>cut fields separated by blanks</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">history | wc -l</td><td>Count lines</td></tr> <tr id="sets" class="pbtitle"><td colspan="3"><b>set operations</b> (Note you can <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/docs/env.html">export LANG=C</a> for speed. Also these assume no duplicate lines within a file)</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">sort file1 file2 | uniq</td><td><acronym title="Items in either file1 or file2">Union</acronym> of unsorted files</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">sort file1 file2 | uniq -d</td><td><acronym title="Items both in file1 and file2">Intersection</acronym> of unsorted files</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">sort file1 file1 file2 | uniq -u</td><td><acronym title="Items in file2 not in file1">Difference</acronym> of unsorted files</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">sort file1 file2 | uniq -u</td><td><acronym title="Items in only one file">Symmetric Difference</acronym> of unsorted files</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">join <acronym title="process whole line (assuming no NUL characters present)">-t'\0'</acronym> -a1 -a2 file1 file2</td><td>Union of sorted files</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">join -t'\0' file1 file2</td><td>Intersection of sorted files</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">join -t'\0' -v2 file1 file2</td><td>Difference of sorted files</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">join -t'\0' -v1 -v2 file1 file2</td><td>Symmetric Difference of sorted files</td></tr> <tr id="math" class="pbtitle"><td colspan="3"><b>math</b></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">echo '(1 + sqrt(5))/2' | bc -l</td><td>Quick math (Calculate φ). See also <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/bc">bc</a></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">seq -f '4/%g' 1 2 99999 | paste -sd-+ | bc -l</td><td>Calculate <font face="times">π</font> the unix way</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">echo 'pad=20; min=64; (100*10^6)/((pad+min)*8)' | bc</td><td>More complex (int) e.g. This shows max FastE packet rate</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">echo 'pad=20; min=64; print (100E6)/((pad+min)*8)' | python</td><td>Python handles scientific notation</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">echo 'pad=20; plot [64:1518] (100*10**6)/((pad+x)*8)' | gnuplot -persist</td><td>Plot FastE packet rate vs packet size</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">echo 'obase=16; ibase=10; 64206' | bc</td><td>Base conversion (decimal to hexadecimal)</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">echo $((0x2dec))</td><td>Base conversion (hex to dec) ((shell arithmetic expansion))</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">units -t '100m/<a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/misc/usain_bolt/">9.58s</a>' 'miles/hour'</td><td>Unit conversion (metric to imperial)</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">units -t '500GB' 'GiB'</td><td>Unit conversion (<acronym title="powers of 10">SI</acronym> to <acronym title="powers of 2">IEC</acronym> prefixes)</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">units -t '1 googol'</td><td>Definition lookup</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">seq 100 | (tr '\n' +; echo 0) | bc</td><td>Add a column of numbers. See also <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/add">add</a> and <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/funcpy">funcpy</a></td></tr> <tr id="dates" class="pbtitle"><td colspan="3"><b>calendar</b></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">cal -3</td><td>Display a calendar</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">cal 9 1752</td><td>Display a calendar for a particular month year</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">date -d fri</td><td>What date is it this friday. See also <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/day">day</a></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">[ $(date -d '12:00 +1 day' +%d) = '01' ] || exit</td><td>exit a script unless it's the last day of the month</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">date --date='25 Dec' +%A</td><td>What day does xmas fall on, this year</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">date --date='@2147483647'</td><td>Convert seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 UTC) to date</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">TZ='America/Los_Angeles' date</td><td>What time is it on west coast of US (use tzselect to find TZ)</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">date --date='TZ="America/Los_Angeles" 09:00 next Fri'</td><td>What's the local time for 9AM next Friday on west coast US</td></tr> <tr id="locale" class="pbtitle"><td colspan="3"><b>locales</b></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">printf "%'d\n" 1234</td><td>Print number with thousands grouping appropriate to locale</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">BLOCK_SIZE=\'1 ls -l</td><td>Use locale thousands grouping in ls. See also <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/l">l</a></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">echo "I live in `locale territory`"</td><td>Extract info from locale database</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">LANG=en_IE.utf8 locale int_prefix</td><td>Lookup locale info for specific country. See also <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/ccodes">ccodes</a></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">locale -kc $(locale | sed -n 's/\(LC_.\{4,\}\)=.*/\1/p') | less</td><td>List fields available in locale database</td></tr> <tr id="recode" class="pbtitle"><td colspan="3"><b>recode</b> (Obsoletes iconv, dos2unix, unix2dos)</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">recode -l | less</td><td>Show available conversions (aliases on each line)</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">recode windows-1252.. file_to_change.txt</td><td>Windows "ansi" to local charset (auto does CRLF conversion)</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">recode utf-8/CRLF.. file_to_change.txt</td><td>Windows utf8 to local charset</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">recode iso-8859-15..utf8 file_to_change.txt</td><td>Latin9 (western europe) to utf8</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">recode ../b64 < file.txt > file.b64</td><td>Base64 encode</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">recode /qp.. < file.qp > file.txt</td><td>Quoted printable decode</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">recode ..HTML < file.txt > file.html</td><td>Text to HTML</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">recode -lf windows-1252 | grep euro</td><td>Lookup <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/docs/utf8.html">table of characters</a></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">echo -n 0x80 | recode latin-9/x1..dump</td><td>Show what a code represents in latin-9 charmap</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">echo -n 0x20AC | recode ucs-2/x2..latin-9/x</td><td>Show latin-9 encoding</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">echo -n 0x20AC | recode ucs-2/x2..utf-8/x</td><td>Show utf-8 encoding</td></tr> <tr id="CDs" class="pbtitle"><td colspan="3"><b><acronym title="Compact Disks">CDs</acronym></b></td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">gzip < /dev/cdrom > cdrom.iso.gz</td><td>Save copy of data cdrom</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">mkisofs -V LABEL -r dir | gzip > cdrom.iso.gz</td><td>Create cdrom image from contents of dir</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">mount -o loop cdrom.iso /mnt/dir</td><td>Mount the cdrom image at /mnt/dir (read only)</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom blank=fast</td><td>Clear a CDRW</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">gzip -dc cdrom.iso.gz | cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom -</td><td>Burn cdrom image (use dev=ATAPI -scanbus to confirm dev)</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">cdparanoia -B</td><td>Rip audio tracks from CD to wav files in current dir</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom -audio -pad *.wav</td><td>Make audio CD from all wavs in current dir (see also cdrdao)</td></tr> <tr><td> </td><td class="nw">oggenc --tracknum='track' track.cdda.wav -o 'track.ogg'</td><td>Make ogg file from wav file</td></tr> <tr id="disk_space" class="pbtitle"><td colspan="3"><b>disk space</b> (See also <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/fslint/">FSlint</a>)</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">ls -lSr</td><td>Show files by size, biggest last</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">du -s * | sort -k1,1rn | head</td><td>Show top disk users in current dir. See also <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/dutop">dutop</a></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">du -hs /home/* | sort -k1,1<acronym title="available since coreutils 7.5">h</acronym></td><td>Sort paths by easy to interpret disk usage</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">df -h</td><td>Show free space on mounted filesystems</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">df -i</td><td>Show free inodes on mounted filesystems</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw"><acronym title="usually in /sbin/">fdisk</acronym> -l</td><td>Show disks partitions sizes and types (run as root)</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw"><a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/docs/packaging.html">rpm</a> -q -a --qf '%10{SIZE}\t%{NAME}\n' | sort -k1,1n</td><td>List all <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/docs/packaging.html">packages</a> by installed size (Bytes) on rpm distros</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw"><a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/docs/packaging.html">dpkg</a>-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}\t${Package}\n' | sort -k1,1n</td><td>List all <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/docs/packaging.html">packages</a> by installed size (KBytes) on deb distros</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">dd bs=1 seek=2TB if=/dev/null of=ext3.test</td><td>Create a large test file (taking no space). See also <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/truncate">truncate</a></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">> file</td><td>truncate data of file or create an empty file</td></tr> <tr id="monitor" class="pbtitle"><td colspan="3"><b>monitoring/debugging</b></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">tail -f /var/log/messages</td><td><a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/docs/web/access_log/monitoring.html">Monitor messages</a> in a log file</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">strace -c ls >/dev/null</td><td>Summarise/profile system calls made by command</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">strace -f -e open ls >/dev/null</td><td>List system calls made by command</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">strace -f -e trace=write -e write=1,2 ls >/dev/null</td><td>Monitor what's written to stdout and stderr</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">ltrace -f -e getenv ls >/dev/null</td><td>List library calls made by command</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw"><acronym title="usually in /usr/sbin/">lsof</acronym> -p <acronym title="process id of current shell">$$</acronym></td><td>List paths that process id has open</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">lsof ~</td><td>List processes that have specified path open</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">tcpdump not port 22</td><td>Show network traffic except ssh. See also <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/tcpdump_not_me">tcpdump_not_me</a></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">ps -e -o pid,args --forest</td><td>List processes in a hierarchy</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">ps -e -o pcpu,cpu,nice,state,cputime,args --sort pcpu | sed '/^ 0.0 /d'</td><td>List processes by % cpu usage</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">ps -e -orss=,args= | sort -b -k1,1n | pr -TW$COLUMNS</td><td>List processes by mem (KB) usage. See also <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/ps_mem.py">ps_mem.py</a></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">ps -C firefox-bin -L -o pid,tid,pcpu,state</td><td>List all threads for a particular process</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">ps -p 1,$$ -o etime=</td><td>List elapsed wall time for particular process IDs</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">last reboot</td><td>Show system reboot history</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">free -m</td><td>Show amount of (remaining) RAM (-m displays in MB)</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">watch -n.1 'cat /proc/interrupts'</td><td>Watch changeable data continuously</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">udevadm monitor</td><td>Monitor udev events to help configure rules</td></tr> <tr id="sysinfo" class="pbtitle"><td colspan="3"><b>system information</b> (see also <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/scripts/sysinfo">sysinfo</a>) ('#' means root access is required)</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">uname -a</td><td>Show kernel version and system architecture</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">head -n1 /etc/issue</td><td>Show name and version of distribution</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">cat /proc/partitions</td><td>Show all partitions registered on the system</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo</td><td>Show RAM total seen by the system</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo</td><td>Show CPU(s) info</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw"><acronym title="usually in /sbin/">lspci</acronym> -tv</td><td>Show PCI info</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw"><acronym title="usually in /sbin/">lsusb</acronym> -tv</td><td>Show USB info</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">mount | column -t</td><td>List mounted filesystems on the system (and align output)</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">grep -F capacity: /proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/info</td><td>Show state of cells in laptop battery</td></tr> <tr><td>#</td><td class="nw">dmidecode -q | less</td><td>Display SMBIOS/DMI information</td></tr> <tr><td>#</td><td class="nw">smartctl -A /dev/sda | grep Power_On_Hours</td><td>How long has this disk (system) been powered on in total</td></tr> <tr><td>#</td><td class="nw">hdparm -i /dev/sda</td><td>Show info about disk sda</td></tr> <tr><td>#</td><td class="nw">hdparm -tT /dev/sda</td><td>Do a read speed test on disk sda</td></tr> <tr><td>#</td><td class="nw">badblocks -s /dev/sda</td><td>Test for unreadable blocks on disk sda</td></tr> <tr id="interactive" class="pbtitle"><td colspan="3"><b>interactive</b> (see also <a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/lkdb/">linux keyboard shortcuts)</a></td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw"><a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/lkdb/readline.html">readline</a></td><td>Line editor used by bash, python, bc, gnuplot, ...</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw"><a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/lkdb/screen.html">screen</a></td><td>Virtual terminals with detach capability, ...</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw"><a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/lkdb/mc.html">mc</a></td><td>Powerful file manager that can browse rpm, tar, ftp, ssh, ...</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw"><a href="http://www.pixelbeat.org/docs/web/access_log/analyzing.html">gnuplot</a></td><td>Interactive/scriptable graphing</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">links</td><td>Web browser</td></tr> <tr><td>•</td><td class="nw">xdg-open <b>.</b></td><td>open a file or url with the registered desktop application</td></tr></tbody></table>

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